Margaret Thatcher held secret talks with Saudi rulers in 1985, leading up to the UK’s largest arms deal, newly released official documents show.
The then prime minister met King Fahd five months before the first instalment of the £40bn Al-Yamamah deal was agreed to sell Tornados and other aircraft. At the time, officials said the meeting focused on peace in the Middle East. But Foreign Office papers indicate the visit was actually intended to “smoke out” the Saudis over arms contracts.
Newly declassified documents from the mid-1980s give a fresh insight into the Thatcher government’s immense efforts to sell British Tornados and other aircraft to Saudi Arabia. The Al-Yamamah arms deal, first agreed in September 1985, has been worth at least £40bn to defence giant BAE Systems and their partners, securing thousands of jobs. But it has also been tainted by allegations of slush-fund payments to members of the Saudi royal family.
Secrecy has always played a large part in arms sales, and the papers from 1985 newly released by the National Archives include letters between senior civil servants in Downing Street and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) that highlight the need for secrecy as the UK pressed the Saudis to opt for the British Tornado fighters over intense competition, particularly from France. At the centre of the correspondence is a crucial visit the prime minister made to see the Saudi King Fahd on 14 April in the Saudi capital, Riyadh, brokered by Prince Bandar bin Sultan Al Saud – then Saudi Arabia’s ambassador to the US.